Ukuhlungwa kwesihlabathi kuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-petroleum kanye nemboni yokuhlanza amanzi.Umgomo wokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe ngokuyinhloko ukusebenzisa izihlungi noma izinto zokuhlunga ukuze kuhlukaniswe isihlabathi namatshe kumafutha noma amanzi.Ingaphakathi lesihlungi ngokuvamile lakhiwa imidiya yesihlungi, njenge-Johnson mesh, i-carbon activated, i-ceramics, isikrini sokuhlunga, isici sokuhlunga, njll. Le midiya yokuhlunga inobukhulu obuhlukahlukene be-pore namafomu esakhiwo, futhi ingakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezahlukene.Lapho uwoyela noma amanzi edlula esisefweni, ukungcola okunjengesihlabathi namatshe kuvaleleka endaweni yokuhlunga, kuyilapho amafutha ahlanzekile noma amanzi ephuma ephuma lapho kuphuma isihlungi.
I-Petroleum ingenye yemithombo ebalulekile yamandla embonini yesimanje.Nokho, i-petroleum ivame ukuba nezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene, ezivame kakhulu izinhlayiya zesihlabathi namatshe.Lezi zinhlayiya zesihlabathi zingaba nomthelela omubi ekuhloleni uwoyela, ukucubungula kanye nenqubo yokuthutha, ngakho ukuhlunga isihlabathi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile embonini kawoyela.
Ukuze kuhlungwe kahle isihlabathi namatshe, imboni ye-petroleum isebenzise izindlela nemishini ehlukahlukene.Okulandelayo kuzokwethula ubuchwepheshe obuningi obujwayelekile kanye nemishini yokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe:
Isihlukanisi: Isihlukanisi isisetshenziswa esivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe.Yamukela isimiso sokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba, futhi ihlukanisa izinhlayiya zesihlabathi namatshe kuwoyela ngokusebenzisa i-gravity sedimentation, amandla ajikelezayo ayi-centrifugal noma amandla okujikeleza.Isimiso sokusebenza se-separator ukudlulisa izinhlayiya zamafutha nesihlabathi ngokusebenzisa idivayisi yokuhlukanisa ngaphakathi kwemishini, ukuze amafutha adlule kahle, kuyilapho izinhlayiya zesihlabathi zihlukaniswa.
Izisefo: Izisefo zingenye indlela evamile yokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe.Isetha isikrini sokuhlunga epayipini likawoyela ukuze sivimbe izinhlayiya zesihlabathi, sivumele uwoyela kuphela ukuba udlule.Isikrini sokuhlunga singakhetha ukucoleka okuhlukile kwesihlungi kanye nezinto zokuhlunga ngokuya ngezidingo.Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, isihlungi siqoqa kancane kancane i-sediment, ngakho-ke isihlungi sidinga ukuhlanzwa noma ukushintshwa njalo.
I-Catcher: I-Catcher iphinde ibe enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe.Ibamba futhi iqoqe izinhlayiya zesihlabathi emafutheni ngokusetha amadivaysi okudoba.Izicupho ngokuvamile zisebenzisa obhasikidi noma izikrini ukuze zithwebule izinhlayiya, ezisuswa ngezinto zokuhlanza.Ukukhethwa nokuklama kwezicupho kucabangela ubukhulu nobuningi bezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, kanye nezidingo zokugeleza kwamafutha.
Isihlungi se-Centrifugal: Isihlungi se-Centrifugal siyidivayisi ephumelelayo yokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe.Isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya zesihlabathi emafutheni.Ngokulungisa isivinini sokujikeleza kwesihlungi se-centrifugal kanye nokuklama amandla afanele we-centrifugal, ukuhlunga kwesihlabathi okusebenzayo kanye namatshe kungafinyelelwa.Izihlungi ze-Centrifugal zivame ukukwazi ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wamafutha futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Lapho ukhetha futhi usebenzisa izindlela zokuhlunga isihlabathi netshe kanye nemishini, izici ezifana nezici zamafutha, ubukhulu kanye nokugxila kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi namatshe, nokugeleza kukawoyela kudingeka kucatshangelwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa okuvamile nokuhlanza imishini yokuhlunga nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo okuvamile kanye nomphumela wokuhlunga.
Ukuhlunga isihlabathi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile embonini ye-petroleum.Ngokukhetha okunengqondo nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlunga kanye nemishini, izinga likawoyela lingathuthukiswa, ingozi yokulimala kwemishini ingancishiswa, futhi ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kukawoyela kungaqinisekiswa.Izinkampani zikaphethiloli kufanele zinake umsebenzi wokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe, futhi ziqhubeke nokunaka ubuchwepheshe obusha nemishini, ukuze ziqhubeke zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nomphumela wokuhlunga.
Amanzi angenye yezinsiza ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwethu.Kodwa-ke, imithombo yamanzi ivame ukuqukatha ukungcola okuhlukahlukene, okuvame kakhulu futhi okujwayelekile okuyizinhlayiya zesihlabathi namatshe.Lezi zinhlayiya zesihlabathi zingabangela izinkinga eziningi emithonjeni yamanzi, njengokuphazamisa izinga lamanzi, ukuvala amapayipi, kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezilimazayo.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe sekuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanzeni imithombo yamanzi.
Isimiso sokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe emanzini sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezinkulu azikwazi ukudlula ama-pores wesihlungi, ngaleyo ndlela zifeze ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi nezinhlayiya.Usayizi wembotshana kanye nesakhiwo sesihlungi sinquma usayizi nohlobo lwezinhlayiya ezingasuswa.Izinto zokuhlunga ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka isihlabathi se-quartz, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, izitsha zobumba, njll.
Ukuze sihlunge ngempumelelo isihlabathi namatshe, singasebenzisa izindlela nemishini ehlukahlukene.Okulandelayo kuzokwethula ubuchwepheshe obuningi obujwayelekile kanye nemishini yokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe emanzini:
Ukungena: Ukungena kuyindlela elula nesebenzayo yokuhlunga.Isebenzisa okokuhlunga okunezendlalelo eziningi, njengesihlabathi se-quartz, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, njll., ukuhlunga izinhlayiya zesihlabathi namatshe ngokusebenzisa i-intermolecular adsorption nokuhlola.Enqubweni Yokungena, amanzi angena kusuka kungqimba olungaphezulu futhi ahlungwe ungqimba ngongqimba ngokusebenzisa izihlungi zezinto zokucoleka okuhlukile.Le ndlela ingasusa ngokuphumelelayo izinhlayiya zesihlabathi emanzini, futhi iphinde isuse inani elithile lezinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe kanye nama-microorganisms.
I-Sedimentation: I-Sedimentation yindlela yokulungisa izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ngamandla adonsela phansi.Lokhu singakwenza ngamathangi edimentation noma izifiki.Phakathi ne-sedimentation, amanzi asebenza ngokunciphisa ukugeleza, okwenza izinhlayiya zesihlabathi zicwile ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.Izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezinkulu zihlala phansi ngokushesha, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezincane zicwila kancane.Ngokulawula isikhathi se-sedimentation kanye nokujula kwe-sedimentation tank, izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezinobukhulu obuhlukene zingasuswa.
Ukusefa: Ukusefa kuyindlela yokuhlunga izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ngemeshi yosayizi wezimbotshana.Singabeka amadivayisi okuhlola njengezikrini noma izihlungi emthonjeni wamanzi.Lawa madivayisi okuhlola anezimbotshana ezinosayizi abahlukene ukuze ahlunge ngokukhetha izinhlayiya zesihlabathi namatshe.Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zizosefa futhi kudlule amanzi ahlanzekile.Inqubo ye-sieving ilula futhi iyasebenza futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezinkulu.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlunga isihlabathi namatshe angeke kushaywe indiva.Izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ngeke nje zithinte ukubonakala nokunambitheka kwamanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi zibe nemiphumela engemihle ezinhlelweni zomthombo wamanzi nezinto zokusebenza.Izinhlayiya zesihlabathi zingavala amapayipi, ukuhamba kancane kwamanzi, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi zidale ukuguga nokulimala kwemishini.Ukusefa njalo kwesihlabathi namatshe angeke kuqinisekise ukuphepha nokuthuthwa kwendle emithonjeni yamanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi kunwebe isikhathi sokusebenza kwamapayipi nemishini kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokuyilungisa.
